大麻可降低仔豬死亡率和腹瀉

 

　　微評(píng)：早在2013年，美國(guó)華盛頓州就開啟了首個(gè)娛樂用大麻合法市場(chǎng)之際，種植者不希望大麻桿、根、葉白白浪費(fèi)，想出一個(gè)"廢物利用"的奇招：喂養(yǎng)"大麻豬"。據(jù)個(gè)別使用大麻的養(yǎng)豬場(chǎng)測(cè)驗(yàn)所得，大麻可提高生長(zhǎng)豬的上市重。201311月，華盛頓州選民投票通過決議，使該州成為美國(guó)率先將娛樂用大麻合法的州之一?？屏_拉多州也通過了類似決議。成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)總是希望得到無限的復(fù)制，擴(kuò)張，今天我們來看歐洲丹麥的做法。

　　發(fā)布日期：2014年3月10日

　　RESEARCH: Bioactive ingredients from industrial hemp will be used in new research to optimise the diets for sows and piglets, thus reducing post-weaning diarrhoea, the use of antibiotics and piglet mortality.

　　研究：從工業(yè)用大麻提取的活性成分可用在新的研究中，優(yōu)化母豬和仔豬的日糧，從而減少斷奶后腹瀉，降低抗生素的使用率以及仔豬死亡率。

　　The pig industry in Denmark is challenged by high piglet mortality which is very costly for the industry. But now scientists from Aarhus University will be testing a new strategy in an effort to reduce mortality and to enhance animal welfare.

　　丹麥的養(yǎng)豬業(yè)被仔豬高死亡率所威脅，這是非常昂貴的成本代價(jià)。但是現(xiàn)在奧胡斯大學(xué)的科學(xué)家正在致力于研究新的戰(zhàn)略來降低仔豬死亡率，提高動(dòng)物的福利。

　　It is the industrial variety of hemp that scientists and a number of industrial partners are putting their faith into with the aid of a 6.7 million DKK ((8.9 mln歐元) grant from the Green Development and Demonstration Programme under the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries.

　　這是個(gè)工業(yè)大麻的項(xiàng)目，科學(xué)家和一些工業(yè)合作伙伴寄希望于食品，農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)部下屬的綠色發(fā)展和示范計(jì)劃的撥款，共670萬丹麥克朗（890萬歐元）。

　　Hemp contains protein, fibre and fatty acids of a very high nutritional value plus some potentially immuno-modulating substances that present a hitherto untapped bioactive resource for pigs.

　　大麻含有蛋白質(zhì)，纖維和脂肪酸，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值很高，還有些潛在的免疫調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)，這些物質(zhì)是迄今為止尚未開發(fā)的豬生物活性源。

　　- In the project we will focus on the potential in using protein and oil from industrial hemp as a special feed and feed supplement for piglets and sows. The cold-pressed therapeutic hemp seed oil and protein may help solve the production challenges of post-weaning scours and early mortality due to their unique ingredients, explains project leader and section manager at the Department of Animal Science, Charlotte Lauridsen.

　　在此項(xiàng)目中，我們重點(diǎn)研究工業(yè)大麻的蛋白和油的潛在利用，這種大麻可作為仔豬和母豬的特殊飼料和飼料添加物。冷榨的治療大麻籽油和蛋白質(zhì)可幫助解決斷奶后腹瀉和早期死亡率的挑戰(zhàn)，這是由于它們具有獨(dú)特的成分，動(dòng)物科學(xué)項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人及部門經(jīng)理Charlotte Lauridsen講到。

　　The rationale for the project is the positive experience from a pig farm where a hemp oil product was added to the diet of piglets and weaners. This led to a marked improvement in piglet survival and it is this improvement that the project participants hope to copy.

　　該項(xiàng)目的基本原理是從一個(gè)將大麻油產(chǎn)品添加到仔豬和斷奶仔豬日糧中的農(nóng)場(chǎng)所獲得的積極經(jīng)驗(yàn)。正是這種對(duì)仔豬死亡率的改善效果，讓項(xiàng)目參與者希望能復(fù)制這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

　　Before the effect of the hemp products can be tested in the project, processes need to be developed to remove THC from hemp (THC = tetrahydrocannabinol - a psychoactive substance that is found only in low concentrations in industrial hemp and is therefore useless for recreational purposes) so that the hemp can be used for animal feed. The project will look at the effect of hemp on piglet survival. This is done by supplementing hemp to the lactation diet for sows, which via the colostrum will provide energy and vitamin E to piglets and raise their concentration of immunoglobulin and thus their resistance to infections. Particularly energy depots and vitamin E levels are low in newborn pigs.

　　之前大麻產(chǎn)品的效應(yīng)也在本項(xiàng)目中進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，需要卡法工藝，從大麻中取出THC（THC=四氫大麻酚，這是一種僅在工業(yè)大麻中存在的低水平的精神刺激物質(zhì)，因此除了休閑娛樂別無它用），這樣大麻就能添加到動(dòng)物飼料中。該項(xiàng)目研究了大麻對(duì)仔豬死亡率的影響。他們將大麻添加到母豬的哺乳期日糧中，這樣可憑借初乳為仔豬提供能量和維生素E，提升它們的免疫球蛋白的濃度，這樣就會(huì)提高它們抵抗感染的能力。特別是對(duì)于那些能量源和維生素E水平低下的新生仔豬。

　　The project will also explore the effect of substances in hemp on post-weaning diarrhoea and the growth potential of piglets.

　　該項(xiàng)目還將探索大麻成分對(duì)仔豬斷奶后腹瀉以及生長(zhǎng)潛力的影響。

　　- Fatty acid composition, protein allocation and the content and composition of fibres are important for intestinal health and immune response in pigs during the critical post-weaning period. The hemp plant contains substances with therapeutic properties that are of interest for the control of inflammation of the intestines due to infection, says Charlotte Lauridsen.

　　脂肪酸成分，蛋白質(zhì)分配和纖維構(gòu)成對(duì)于仔豬剛斷奶后的腸道健康和免疫反應(yīng)是非常重要的因素。大麻植物具有的治療功效可用于控制腸道由于感染引起的炎癥，Charlotte Lauridsen講到。

　　Project participants estimate that the commercial utilisation of hemp products can reduce piglet mortality by 1.5 pigs per litter and that the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea can likewise be reduced and thus the consumption of antibiotics.

　　項(xiàng)目參與者評(píng)估了大麻產(chǎn)品的商業(yè)應(yīng)用，它們可使每窩仔豬減少1.5的死亡，而且也會(huì)降低斷奶后腹瀉的發(fā)病率，自然也就降低了抗生素的使用。

　　- E. coli is the leading cause of diarrhoea in the first few weeks post weaning, and we expect that hemp products can reduce mortality. At the same time, it is estimated that the majority of the antibiotics consumed is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders in pigs, and these disorders are therefore the major causes of the use of antibiotics in pig production, says Charlotte Lauridsen and continues:

　　- 大腸桿菌可引起仔豬斷奶后頭幾周發(fā)生腹瀉，我們預(yù)測(cè)大麻產(chǎn)品科降低死亡率。與此同時(shí)，據(jù)估計(jì)，大多數(shù)抗生素將用來治療仔豬的胃腸道疾病，這些疾病是養(yǎng)豬業(yè)大量使用抗生素的原因，Charlotte Lauridsen補(bǔ)充說。

　　- Supplementation with hemp products will hopefully result in fewer outbreaks of post-weaning diarrhoea and will improve the health of the gastrointestinal tract in piglets, which in turn will lead to a reduced need for antibiotic treatment.

　　添加大麻產(chǎn)品有望減少斷奶后腹瀉的爆發(fā)，將會(huì)改善仔豬的胃腸道健康，反過來也將會(huì)降低治療對(duì)抗生素的需求。

　　In addition to the expected effects on mortality, post-weaning diarrhoea and animal welfare, the project participants believe the cultivation of hemp also offers environmental benefits since its cultivation does not require pesticides.

　　除了對(duì)死亡率，斷奶后腹瀉和動(dòng)物福利的預(yù)期效果，項(xiàng)目參與者認(rèn)為種植大麻還可提供環(huán)境效益，因?yàn)樗姆N植不需要農(nóng)藥。

　　The project started on 1 January 2014 and will run until 31 July 2017.

　　該項(xiàng)目開始于2014年1月1日，將進(jìn)行至2017年7月31日。

　　英文來源：allaboutfeed

　　譯者：畜牧人編輯IRIS