后備母豬保育期飼養(yǎng)密度對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)性能、生理機(jī)能和血液指標(biāo)的影響

后備母豬保育期飼養(yǎng)密度對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)性能、生理機(jī)能和血液指標(biāo)的影響
S. R. Callahan, A. J. Cross, A. E.DeDecker, M. D. Lindemann and M. J. Estienne

　　本試驗(yàn)旨在探究飼養(yǎng)密度對(duì)后備母豬在保育期的生長(zhǎng)性能、生理機(jī)能和血液指標(biāo)的影響。

　　設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)3 × 3析因設(shè)計(jì)，從13組斷奶仔豬中按體型分為大、中、小挑選若干小母豬（n = 2537；體重= 5.6 ± 0.6 kg），按每圈養(yǎng)14、11或8頭分別形成頭均占地面積分別為0.15、0.19和0.27m2/頭。試驗(yàn)豬只在第0天（斷奶當(dāng)天）和第46天（保育期結(jié)束）進(jìn)行稱(chēng)重。

　　平均日增重受到飼養(yǎng)密度和豬只體型大小的交互作用（P = 0.04）。對(duì)于體型較大或中型的小母豬在最小飼養(yǎng)密度下的平均日增重比最高飼養(yǎng)密度下生活的同等體型小母豬要低（P < 0.05），但飼養(yǎng)密度對(duì)于小體型母豬來(lái)說(shuō)影響不大（P> 0.05）。保育期的死亡率并沒(méi)有受到處理、體型或飼養(yǎng)面積×體型的影響，總起來(lái)看都在2.1%左右。每個(gè)組內(nèi)選取若干頭小母豬（n=18/飼養(yǎng)密度處理組）在試驗(yàn)的第6天和第43天采血進(jìn)行全血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)和血液化學(xué)分析。飼養(yǎng)密度最高組（0.15m2/頭）的小母豬的紅細(xì)胞分布廣度最大，網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞的濃度和比例都是最低的（P < 0.01）。血鈣也受到處理的影響（P = 0.02），且飼養(yǎng)密度中低組小母豬的血鈣濃度比飼養(yǎng)密度高組小母豬的血鈣濃度更低（P < 0.05）。血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度并沒(méi)有受到處理×實(shí)驗(yàn)天數(shù)的影響（P = 0.27）。各組試驗(yàn)豬血漿中皮質(zhì)醇濃度從第6天到第43天有所增加，但這是受時(shí)間周期的影響（P < 0.01）而不是處理差異導(dǎo)致的（P = 0.53）。

　　保育期內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)密度降低會(huì)影響血液指標(biāo)，導(dǎo)致大中體型的后備母豬表現(xiàn)出平均日增重的增加。后續(xù)的試驗(yàn)將探究這些因素是否會(huì)影響母豬終生的生產(chǎn)能力以及壽命。

Effects of group-size-floor space allowance during the nursery phase of production on growth, physiology, and hematology in replacement gilts
S. R. Callahan, A. J. Cross, A. E. DeDecker, M. D. Lindemann and M. J. Estienne

The objective was to determine effects of nursery group-size-floor space allowance on growth, physiology, and hematology of replacement gilts. A 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used where in gilts classified as large, medium, or small (n = 2537; BW = 5.6 ± 0.6kg) from 13 groups of weaned pigs were placed in pens of 14, 11, or 8 pigs resulting in floor space allowances of 0.15, 0.19, or 0.27 m2/pig, respectively. Pigs were weighed on d 0 (weaning) and d 46 (exit from nursery). The ADG was affected by group-size-floor space allowance × pig size (P = 0.04). Large-and medium-size gilts allowed the most floor space had greater (P <0.05) ADG than similar size gilts allowed the least floor space but for smallsize gilts there was no effect (P > 0.05) of group size-floor space allowance. Mortality in the nursery was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment, size, or treatment × size and overall was approximately 2.1%. Complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses were performed on samples collected at d 6 and 43 from a subsample of gilts (n = 18/group-size-floor space allowance) within a single group. The concentration (P < 0.01) and percentage (P = 0.03) of reticulocytes was the least and red blood cell distribution width the greatest (P < 0.01) in gilts allowed 0.15 m2 floor space (effects of treatment). Blood calcium was affected by treatment (P =0.02) and concentrations for gilts allowed the greatest and intermediate amounts of floor space were greater (P < 0.05) than for gilts allowed the least floor space. Serum concentrations of cortisol were not affected by treatment × day (P = 0.27). Cortisol concentrations increased from d 6 to d 43 in all groups and were affected by day (P < 0.01) but not treatment (P =0.53). Greater space allowance achieved by placing fewer pigs per pen in the nursery affected blood parameters and resulted in large- and medium-size replacement gilts displaying increased ADG. Further study will determine if these effects influence lifetime reproductive capacity and sow longevity.

來(lái)源：豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)國(guó)際論壇CSIS

翻譯：李光燃