使用本品必須先做皮內(nèi)試驗(yàn)。青霉素過(guò)敏試驗(yàn)包括皮膚試驗(yàn)方法(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)青霉素皮試)及體外試驗(yàn)方法,其中以皮內(nèi)注射較準(zhǔn)確。皮試本身也有一定的危險(xiǎn)性,約有25%的過(guò)敏性休克死亡的病人死于皮試。所以皮試或注射給藥時(shí)都應(yīng)作好充分的搶救準(zhǔn)備。在換用不同批號(hào)青霉素時(shí),也需重作皮試。注射液、皮試液均不穩(wěn)定,以新鮮配制為佳。而且對(duì)于自腎排泄,腎功能不良者,劑量應(yīng)適當(dāng)調(diào)整。此外,局部應(yīng)用致敏機(jī)會(huì)多,且細(xì)菌易產(chǎn)生抗藥性,故不提倡。
[編輯本段]
【英文簡(jiǎn)述】 Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN) refers to a group of beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. The name “penicillin” can also be used in reference to a specific member of the penicillin group Penam Skeleton, which has the molecular formula R-C9H11N2O4S, where R is a variable side chain.
[編輯本段]
【分類(lèi)】 按其特點(diǎn)可分為 :