使用本品必須先做皮內(nèi)試驗。青霉素過敏試驗包括皮膚試驗方法(簡稱青霉素皮試)及體外試驗方法,其中以皮內(nèi)注射較準(zhǔn)確。皮試本身也有一定的危險性,約有25%的過敏性休克死亡的病人死于皮試。所以皮試或注射給藥時都應(yīng)作好充分的搶救準(zhǔn)備。在換用不同批號青霉素時,也需重作皮試。注射液、皮試液均不穩(wěn)定,以新鮮配制為佳。而且對于自腎排泄,腎功能不良者,劑量應(yīng)適當(dāng)調(diào)整。此外,局部應(yīng)用致敏機會多,且細(xì)菌易產(chǎn)生抗藥性,故不提倡。
[編輯本段]
【英文簡述】 Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN) refers to a group of beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. The name “penicillin” can also be used in reference to a specific member of the penicillin group Penam Skeleton, which has the molecular formula R-C9H11N2O4S, where R is a variable side chain.
[編輯本段]
【分類】 按其特點可分為 :