| Diet | ||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | average |
Feeding level=1710 g meal day-1: | |||||||
Digestible CP intake (g day-1) | 175 | 281 | 235 | 232 | 182 | 215 | 220 |
Protein deposited (g day-1) | 48.9 | 110.0 | 73.5 | 106.9 | 74.3 | 115.0 | 88.1 |
PE (%)b | 20.4 | 30.0 | 23.1 | 33.8 | 32.3 | 42.1 | 30.3 |
LE (%)c | 37.2 | 38.3 | 38.5 | 43.5 | 54.0 | 59.0 | 45.1 |
Feeding level=2270 g meal day-1: | | ||||||
Digestible CP intake (g day-1) | 232 | 374 | 312 | 309 | 242 | 285 | 292 |
Protein deposited (g day-1) | 71.4 | 115.0 | 104.1 | 115.0 | 105.2 | 115.0 | 104.3 |
PE (%)b | 22.4 | 23.7 | 24.6 | 27.4 | 34.4 | 31.7 | 27.4 |
LE (%)c | 40.9 | 30.2 | 41.1 | 35.3 | 59.0 | 45.0 | 41.9 |
Pre-absorbed | |
1. Ingestion of dietary amino acids | |
2. Amino acid absorption | From processed or non-processed feedstuffs |
Post-absorbed | |
3. Maintenancea | |
| l Turnover of body protein |
| l Cutaneous (體被,皮膚) amino acid loss |
| l Gut endogenous amino acid loss |
| l Synthesis of non-protein nitrogen-containing compounds |
| l Urinary amino acid losses |
4. Growth | |
| Body protein accretion |
Support costs | Inevitable amino acid catabolism |
Gut endogenous amino acid loss | |
Turnover of body protein | |
Synthesis of non-protein nitrogen-containing compounds | |
Preferential amino acid catabolism | |
| Amino acid imbalance |
| Catabolism of amino acids supplied above the amount required to meet the maximum rate of body protein retention |
aA distinction is made between basal or maintenance processes (i.e., those occurring in the hypothetical state whereby body tissue is neither gained nor lost) and those processes associated with the accretion of new body tissue. The rate of a process at maintenance is defined as that rate commensurate with a daily food intake under which body weight is neither gained nor lost. Rates of the processes during growth are variable. It should be noted that for most of the metabolic processes, there is actually a natural continuum between maintenance and growth and that the distinction between states is arbitrary and reliant upon definition. Adapted from Moughan et al., 2003, 2008. |
Ingredient | Composition (g kg-1 air-dry weight) |
Barley | 732.5 |
Peas | 165.0 |
Meat-and-bone meal | 50.0 |
Fish meal | 50.0 |
Vitamins, minerals | 2.5 |
Losses (g day-1) | |||||||||||||||
Diet intake (g day-1) | Urine | Deposition (g day-1) | |||||||||||||
Feeding level (g day-1) | Pdmax | Total lysine | Available lysine | Unabsorbed available lysine | Protein turnover | Inevitable catabolism | imbalance | Excess supply | Preferential catabolism | Total | Cutaneous | Gut endogenous | Total lysine | Protein | Lipid |
1505 | 100 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 0.08 | 1.6 | 4.78 | 72 | 72 |
| 130 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 0 | 1.4 | 4.9 | 0.08 | 1.6 | 4.83 | 73 | 73 |
| 160 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 | 4.7 | 0.08 | 1.6 | 4.91 | 74 | 74 |
2069 | 100 | 18.9 | 17.9 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 4.7 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 7.0 | 0.08 | 1.9 | 6.63 | 100 | 162 |
| 130 | 18.9 | 17.9 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 4.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 | 0.08 | 1.9 | 8.20 | 124 | 145 |
| 160 | 18.9 | 17.9 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 4.8 | 0.08 | 1.9 | 8.84 | 133 | 138 |
2633 | 100 | 24.1 | 22.9 | 3.1 | 0.7 | 6.0 | 0 | 4.4 | 0 | 11.1 | 0.08 | 2.1 | 6.63 | 100 | 277 |
| 130 | 2.41 | 22.9 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 6.0 | 0 | 2.3 | 0 | 9.1 | 0.08 | 2.1 | 8.62 | 130 | 255 |
| 160 | 24.1 | 22.9 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 6.0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 7.1 | 0.08 | 2.1 | 10.61 | 160 | 233 |
| Feeding level (g day-1) | ||||||||
| 1505 | 2069 | 2633 | ||||||
Pdmax= | 100 | 130 | 160 | 100 | 130 | 160 | 100 | 130 | 160 |
Available protein intake (g day-1) | 268 | 268 | 268 | 368 | 368 | 368 | 468 | 468 | 468 |
Absorbed available protein intake (g day-1) | 229 | 229 | 229 | 315 | 315 | 315 | 401 | 401 | 401 |
Body protein synthesis (g day-1) | 516 | 566 | 616 | 516 | 566 | 616 | 516 | 566 | 616 |
Nitrogenous losses (g protein day-1) | |||||||||
Cutaneous loss | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
Urine loss at maintenance | 21 | 23 | 25 | 21 | 23 | 25 | 21 | 23 | 25 |
Gut loss at maintenance | 34 | 34 | 34 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 59 | 59 | 59 |
Inevitable catabolism | 69 | 66 | 56 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 121 | 121 | 121 |
Urine loss (imbalance) | 17 | 11 | 12 | 26 | 25 | 16 | 31 | 30 | 30 |
Urine loss (excess supply) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 66 | 35 | 4 |
Urine loss (preferential catabolism) | 15 | 21 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Protein deposition (g day-1) | 72 | 73 | 74 | 100 | 124 | 133 | 100 | 130 | 160 |
| AID | SID | ||||||
Item | Measured | Prddicted | Difference | SE | Measured | Prddicted | Difference | SE |
Lys | 83.8 | 83.5 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 88.9 | 90.8 | −1.9 | 1.6 |
Met | 86.4 | 85.2 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 90.1 | 90.8 | −0.8 | 1.2 |
Thr | 78.5 | 74.7 | 3.8a | 1.4 | 86.2 | 86.2 | 0.0 | 1.4 |
Trp | 85.7 | 82.4 | 3.3a | 1.7 | 90.6 | 89.5 | 1.1 | 2.0 |
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