新型發(fā)酵豆粕在斷奶仔豬日糧中應(yīng)用

ggghhha · 發(fā)表于 2009-6-4 12:54:45

摘　要: 旨在研究新型發(fā)酵豆粕對(duì)斷奶仔豬生產(chǎn)性能、血液生化指標(biāo)和腸道發(fā)育的影響。根據(jù)胎次、體質(zhì)量
相近原則,選擇90 頭26 日齡體質(zhì)量為(4. 75 ±0. 38) kg 的杜楓姜斷奶仔豬,分為對(duì)照組、試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組(飼糧中添
加17. 5 %發(fā)酵豆粕) 和試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組(飼糧中添加35 %發(fā)酵豆粕) ,每組3 個(gè)重復(fù),每重復(fù)10 頭。結(jié)果表明:試驗(yàn)
Ⅰ組、Ⅱ組仔豬日增體質(zhì)量顯著高于對(duì)照組,分別增加13. 90 %( P < 0. 05) 、50. 55 %( P < 0. 01) ,料重比較對(duì)照
組分別降低19. 47 %( P < 0. 05) 和4. 21 %( P > 0. 05) 。試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組( P < 0. 01) 、試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組( P < 0. 05) 仔豬腹瀉率
均顯著低于對(duì)照組。試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組和試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組血清尿素氮(BUN) 含量分別比對(duì)照組低5. 23 %( P < 0. 05) 、4. 13 %
( P < 0. 05) 。兩試驗(yàn)組總蛋白( TP) 和白蛋白(ALB) 含量均有不同程度升高,血糖( GLU) 均顯著高于對(duì)照組
( P < 0. 05) 。試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組的腸絨毛高度和絨毛高度/ 隱窩深度比值顯著高于對(duì)照組( P < 0. 05) ,隱窩深度和腸壁
厚度顯著降低。新型發(fā)酵豆粕可改善斷奶仔豬生長性能,顯著降低腹瀉率,提高飼料利用率,且可促進(jìn)仔豬胃
腸道發(fā)育。
關(guān)鍵詞: 斷奶仔豬;發(fā)酵豆粕;生產(chǎn)性能;血液生化指標(biāo);腸道發(fā)育
中圖分類號(hào):S816. 6 　　　　文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A 　　　　　文章編號(hào):100421389 (2009) 0220033205
The Effects of Appl ication of Fermented Soybean Meal for Weaned Piglets
ZHAN G Shiyuan , ZHAN GJ ie , QUAN Liping , YU Lu and CHEN Wenjing
(College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China)
Abstract : A st udy was conducted to determine t he effect s of new fermented soybean meal on growt h
performance ,serum biochemical indices and intestine development . Ninety weaned piglet s of 21 days
old (Du ×Feng ×jiang) wit h an average initial weight of (4. 753 ±0. 38) kg were allot ted to t hree diet2
ary t reatment s which were cont rol group ,t reatment Ⅰ (Diet contains 17. 5 %fermented soybean meal)
and t reatment Ⅱ (Diet contains 35 % fermented soybean meal) on the basis of weight , t hree replica2
tions wit h ten pigs per replicate were used for each t reatment . Result s showed t hat t he daily gains was
significantly higher in piglet s of t reatment Ⅰand t reatment Ⅱthan that of cont rol group by 13. 90 %
( P < 0. 05) and 50. 55 % ( P < 0. 01) respectively. The Feed/ weight was decreased by 19. 47 %( P <
0. 05) and 4. 21 %( P > 0. 05) in t reatment Ⅱand t reatment Ⅰcompared with the cont rol group re2
spectively. The diarrhea rate of piglet s of t reatment Ⅱ ( P < 0. 01) and t reatment Ⅰ ( P < 0. 05) were
both significantly lower t han t hat of cont rol group . The BUN of blood was decreased by 5. 23 %( P <
0. 05) and 4. 13 %( P < 0. 05) in t reatment Ⅱand t reatment Ⅰcompared wit h t he cont rol group . The
TP and ALB in blood of two t reatment s had increased to varying degrees , and the GLU were bot h sig2
nificantly higher t han t hat of cont rol group ( P < 0. 05) . The villus height and villus height/ crypt dept h
of t reatment Ⅱwas significantly higher , t he crypt dept h and gast ric wall t hickness was both signifi2
cantly lower t han that of cont rol . The new fermented soybean meal can promote growt h performance
3收稿日期:2008206226 　　修回日期:2008211210
作者簡(jiǎn)介:章世元(1958 - ) , 男, 江蘇姜堰人, 博士, 副教授, 研究方向: 飼料資源開發(fā)與利用, 動(dòng)物營養(yǎng)代謝與調(diào)控。E2mail :
yzzsy @126. com
© 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
of weaned piglet , significantly reduced diarrhea rate and improved the efficiency of feed utilization and
maintaining smooth state of intestine.
Key words : Weaned piglet s ; Fermentation of soybean meal ; Growt h performance ; Serum biochemical
indices ; Intestine development
　　豆粕是畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)中應(yīng)用最廣泛的植物性蛋
白源,但是由于其含有多種抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子,易導(dǎo)致斷
奶仔豬消化道功能障礙,以致影響仔豬生長發(fā)
育[1 ] 。因此,普通豆粕難以適應(yīng)斷奶仔豬飼養(yǎng)需
要[2 ] 。豆粕經(jīng)發(fā)酵后,可顯著降低豆粕中抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)
因子含量,有利于幼齡動(dòng)物消化吸收和生長發(fā)
育[3 ] 。新型發(fā)酵豆粕是通過酶制劑及微生物雙重
發(fā)酵生產(chǎn)的一種豆粕,極低抗原,不含寡糖,同時(shí)
其在發(fā)酵過程中產(chǎn)生大量益生菌、乳酸等物質(zhì),對(duì)
幼齡動(dòng)物的生長和腸道發(fā)育具有促進(jìn)作用[425 ] ,是
幼齡動(dòng)物理想的植物蛋白。本試驗(yàn)擬用發(fā)酵豆粕
飼喂斷奶仔豬,研究新型發(fā)酵豆粕對(duì)仔豬生產(chǎn)性
能、血液指標(biāo)和腸道發(fā)育的影響,以期為發(fā)酵豆粕
推廣應(yīng)用提供試驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
1 　材料與方法
　試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物及設(shè)計(jì)
選擇90 頭出生時(shí)間與體質(zhì)量相近,健康狀況
良好的21 日齡杜楓姜(杜洛克×楓涇×姜曲海)
三元雜交仔豬,斷奶后進(jìn)行5 d 飼料過渡,26 日齡
進(jìn)入20 d 正式飼喂期,正試開始時(shí)仔豬體質(zhì)量為
(4. 75 ±0. 38) kg。試驗(yàn)仔豬分為對(duì)照組和2 個(gè)
試驗(yàn)組,每組3 個(gè)重復(fù),每重復(fù)10 頭。兩試驗(yàn)組
中分別添加17. 5 %和35 %發(fā)酵豆粕。
　新型發(fā)酵豆粕
新型發(fā)酵豆粕系由臺(tái)灣惠勝實(shí)業(yè)有限公司將
混合菌種接種普通豆粕在控溫槽中經(jīng)固體發(fā)酵制
得。其抗原蛋白和寡糖極低,植物細(xì)胞壁完全破
解,且富含多種小肽。外觀呈淡黃色,顆粒細(xì)(100
～500μm) 且不揚(yáng)塵,富含乳酸菌等益生素,氣味
芳香并含高達(dá)3. 4 %的乳酸。
　試驗(yàn)日糧
試驗(yàn)飼糧參照NRC (1998) 豬的營養(yǎng)需要配
制[6 ] ,3 組飼糧營養(yǎng)水平一致。兩種豆粕均由臺(tái)
灣惠勝實(shí)業(yè)有限公司提供,其余原料則由本地飼
料原料市場(chǎng)購進(jìn)。試驗(yàn)用乳仔豬復(fù)合預(yù)混料由揚(yáng)
州大學(xué)飼料廠生產(chǎn)。具體飼糧組成和營養(yǎng)水平見
表1 。
表1 　試驗(yàn)飼糧組成和營養(yǎng)水平( 干物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ))
Table 1 　Composition and nutrient levels of the
experimental diet (DM basis)
項(xiàng)目
Item
對(duì)照組
Cont rol group
試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組
Treatment Ⅰ
試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組
Treatment Ⅱ
日糧成分
Ingredient s
玉米/ % Corn 56. 45 55. 50 53. 45
豆粕/ %
Soybean meal
37. 05 16. 50 0. 00
發(fā)酵豆粕/ %
Fermented
soybean meal
0. 00 17. 50 35. 00
次粉/ %
Wheat middling
1. 50 5. 50 6. 55
預(yù)混料/ %1
Premix
5. 00 5. 00 5. 00
合計(jì)Total 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00
營養(yǎng)水平
Nut rition levels
消化能/ (MJ / kg) 2
DE
13. 59 13. 59 13. 59
粗蛋白/ %3
CP
20. 10 20. 10 20. 10
鈣/ %3 Ca 0. 88 0. 88 0. 88
總磷/ %3 TP 0. 74 0. 74 0. 74
賴氨酸/ %2 Lys 1. 50 1. 50 1. 50
蛋+ 胱氨酸/ %2
Met + Cys
0. 71 0. 71 0. 71
注:1. 每kg 飼糧含:鐵150 mg ;銅150 mg ;錳40 mg ;鋅140 mg ;
維生素A 10 000 IU ;維生素E 60 mg ;維生素D3 1 500 IU ;維生
素K 0. 5 mg ;維生素B1 5 mg ;維生素B2 20 mg ;維生素B6 3 mg ;
維生素B12 0. 02 mg ;煙酸20 mg ;泛酸20 mg ;葉酸115 mg ;生物
素0. 4 mg ;2. 計(jì)算值;3. 實(shí)測(cè)值。
Note :1. Premix provided per kilogram of complete diet : Fe 150
mg , Cu 150 mg , Mn 40 mg , Zn 140 mg , vA 10 000 IU , vE 60
mg , vD3 1 500 IU , vK 0. 5 mg , vB1 5 mg , vB2 20 mg , vB6 3 mg ,
vB12 0. 02 mg , Niacin 20 mg , D2calcium pantot henate 20 mg , Fo2
lic 115 mg , Biotin 0. 4 mg. 2. calculated value ; 3. measured val2
ue.
　測(cè)定指標(biāo)及方法
1. 4. 1 　生長試驗(yàn)　采用全進(jìn)全出式管理模式。
飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)地定時(shí)進(jìn)行消毒。試驗(yàn)仔豬自由飲水,每
日飼喂5 次,從7 :30 - 9 :00 ,每3 h 飼喂1 次。試
驗(yàn)開始和結(jié)束時(shí),仔豬空腹12 h 稱個(gè)體體質(zhì)量,
統(tǒng)計(jì)每重復(fù)耗料量,并計(jì)算仔豬平均日增體質(zhì)量
(ADG) 、平均日采食量(ADFI) 和料重比。試驗(yàn)
期間每天定時(shí)觀察記錄各窩仔豬腹瀉頭次(以糞
樣呈糊狀或水樣并明顯粘于仔豬肛門外為準(zhǔn)) 并
按每窩腹瀉仔豬頭次數(shù)占窩內(nèi)仔豬總頭數(shù)的百分
·34 · 西　北　農(nóng)　業(yè)　學(xué)　報(bào)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　18 卷
© 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
比計(jì)算腹瀉率[7 ] 。