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2 逆譯法:(Reversing)
有時(shí)候英語長(zhǎng)句的敘述層次與漢語相反,這時(shí)就須從英語原文的后面譯起,自上而下,逆著英語原文的順序翻譯。
1 (1) There is an equilibrium between the liquid and its vapor, (2) as many molecules being lost from the surface of the liquid and (3) then existing as vapor, (4) as reenter the liquid in a given time.
這個(gè)句子是由一個(gè)主句(1),定語從句(4)以及兩個(gè)分次獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)組成,這個(gè)句子分為四層意思(1)液體和固體之間處于平衡狀態(tài),是主句,是全句的中心所在;(2)許多分子從液體表面逸出,成為蒸汽;(3)又有同樣多的分子重新進(jìn)入液體;(4)在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)。
根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣,“因”在前面,“果”在后,可逆原文翻譯。
譯文:在一定時(shí)間內(nèi),許多分子從液體表面逸出,成為蒸汽。又有同樣多的分子從新進(jìn)入液體,因次,在液體和蒸汽之間處于平衡。
2 (1) Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact (2) which had already been suspected, (3) there is a “high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly miles above the ground
分析:(1)是主句,(2)是定語從句,(3)是同位語從句做fact 的同位語。按照漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣,用逆譯發(fā)翻譯,更顯得自然,流暢。
譯文:大氣中有一個(gè)“高溫帶”,其中心在距地面約30英里高的地方。對(duì)此人們?cè)缇蛻岩?,利用火箭加以研究,這一奇異的事實(shí)已得到證明。
3 On account of the fact that there is always a resistance due to friction whenever one part of a machine moves over another , some work must be done in moving the parts of the machine itself.
根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣,這句話同樣用逆譯法翻譯比較貼切。
譯文:機(jī)器的某個(gè)部件在另一個(gè)部件上面移動(dòng),總會(huì)有摩擦而產(chǎn)生阻力,由于這種情況,機(jī)器本身的部件運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)就要做一些功。
3 分譯法:(Divisoion)
有時(shí)英語長(zhǎng)句中主句與從句或主句與修飾語間的關(guān)系不十分密切,翻譯時(shí)可按照漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣,把長(zhǎng)句中的從句或短語化為句子,分開來敘述,將原句化整為零。為使譯文通順連貫,也可以適當(dāng)加幾個(gè)連接詞。例如:
1 The Josephson junction is a thin insulator separating two superconducing
materials,i.e., metals that lose all electrical resistance at temperature near zero.
譯文:約瑟生接點(diǎn)就是分開兩種超導(dǎo)體材料的薄絕緣體,超導(dǎo)材料是在接近絕對(duì)零度時(shí)會(huì)失去電阻的金屬。
2 It is very important that a machine element be made of a material that has properties suitable for the condition of service as it is for the loads and stresses to accurately determined.
譯文:載荷和應(yīng)力必須準(zhǔn)確的計(jì)算出來,機(jī)器零件要用性能符合工作條件的材料來制造。這兩件事都是非常重要的。
4 綜合法(Recasting)
對(duì)那些用某種翻譯技巧無法譯出時(shí),著眼于篇章,以邏輯分析為基礎(chǔ),有順有序,有主有次對(duì)全句進(jìn)行綜合處理。
1.Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural product can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or, more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, has been chosen, and ever emphssized , so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.
這個(gè)句子是由一個(gè)主句(1)either or 連接的兩個(gè)并列的 because 狀語從句,一個(gè)由 so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句及 in which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句所組成。
譯文:人造材料統(tǒng)稱為合成材料,許多人造材料正在替代某些天然材料,這或者是由于天然產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量不能滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的需要,或者往往是人們選擇了合成材料的一些物理性質(zhì)并加以突出而造成的。因此合成材料在應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域中將具有極大的用途。
2 The issue of the New York Times which hailed the Second International as the authority it which it would adhere and the Third International as a scandal and a betrayal which it would reject used one hundred and fifty-three separate words, phrases, and construction which are listed in the Third International but not in the Second and Third International but not in the Second and nineteen others which are condemned in the Second.
分析:這個(gè)句子實(shí)際上是由四個(gè)并列復(fù)句所組成,它的中心詞就是“New York Times”,中心意思是對(duì)the New York Times 形式評(píng)論,全句包括六個(gè)定語從句,比較復(fù)雜。按漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣,為使全文通順、確切,對(duì)每個(gè)定語從句要分別作為獨(dú)立句子加以翻譯,即采取綜合法翻譯。
譯文:有一期《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》。一面高呼《韋氏(第二版)》是權(quán)威性工作,它堅(jiān)決照辦,一面大叫《韋氏(第三版)》是恥辱和背叛,要棄之如敝履??墒?,就在該期報(bào)紙上有153個(gè)單獨(dú)的詞,詞組和句法結(jié)構(gòu),是第二版中沒有的,但是,在《韋氏(第三版)》中均有記載,還有19種用法是在《韋氏(第二版)》里受譴責(zé)的。
[ 本帖最后由 monica 于 2007-5-9 23:02 編輯 ] |
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