瘤胃臌氣

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瘤胃臌氣

Ruminal Tympany  (Bloat)

Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt







         Translated by: Dr. Fu Xiaoping
病因/發(fā)病機(jī)理


Cause & Pathogenesis
原發(fā)性（泡沫性臌氣）
Primary (frothy bloat)
· 吃食大量豆莢類飼料
Grazing lush high legume pasture
· 飼胃過(guò)多精料

Feedlot cattle on high grain rations
· 精料過(guò)細(xì)或球狀飼料
Finely ground or pelleted feeds
繼發(fā)性（游離氣體性）--打嗝作用的物理性損傷 Secondary (free gas bloat) – physical interference with eructation · 食道管阻塞


Esophageal obstruction
· 慢性瘤胃炎


Chronic ruminitis
· 低血鈣癥


Hypocalcemia
· 精料過(guò)多（乳酸中毒）
Grain overload (lactic acidosis)
· 側(cè)臥



Lateral recumbency
慢性游離氣體臌氣

Chronic free gas bloat · 慢性肺炎


Chronic pneumonia
· 迷走神經(jīng)性消化不良
Vagal indigestion

危險(xiǎn)因素


Risk Factors · 大量未成熟豆科植物
Lush immature legume pasture
· 高精料低粗料日糧的牛Cattle on high grain low roughage diet
· 慢性肺炎


Chronic pneumonia

臨床癥狀

Clinical Findings · 突然發(fā)作


Sudden onset
· 腹部左側(cè)擴(kuò)張---腰部坎窩
Distention of left side of abdomen – para-lumbar fossa
· 厭食



Anorexia
· 呼吸吃力


Labored breathing
· 粘膜發(fā)紫


Cyanotic
· 走路搖擺、倒地

Staggering then recumbency
· 死亡



Death
· 多數(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)已死

May be just found dead

診斷



Diagnosis · 病史、臨床癥狀、尸體解剖結(jié)果
History, clinical signs and post mortem results

鑒別診斷


Differential Diagnosis
· 其它原因性突然死亡
Other causes of sudden death in cattle
· 破傷風(fēng)


Tetanus
· 水腫



Hydrops
· 膀胱破裂


Ruptured bladder


尸解


Post Mortem




· Bloat line on esophagus – congested/cyanotic in cervical area-thoracic area pale
· Blood trapped in front of cervical inlet – compare pre-scapular lymph nodes to pre-femoral lymph nodes
· Rumen is very bloated and if frothy gas bloat – same consistency trough out – frothy

治療



Treatment · 臌氣是一種急癥

Bloat is an emergency
· 將動(dòng)物從牧草區(qū)移走
Remove animals from feed source
· 若流離氣體多，通過(guò)胃導(dǎo)管放氣
Pass stomach tube and if free gas, air will come off
· 若泡沫多，導(dǎo)管放氣作用不大-----可向胃內(nèi)加入多庫(kù)脂鈉（緩瀉劑），破壞泡沫，釋放氣體，在用導(dǎo)管放氣
If frothy, very little relief with tubing – add dioctol sodium sulfosuccinate to rumen contents-breaks down froth and allows gas to come to top-relieve with stomach tube
· Keep animal up and walking
· 若情況嚴(yán)重，用大套管針鉆孔放氣或緊急手術(shù)處理
If animal is in severe stress, relieve bloat with large bore trochar or emergency Rumenotomy – emergency incision in left para-lumbar fossa – later closure
· 慢性臌氣可用胃導(dǎo)管或手術(shù)---瘺管減輕
Chronic bloat can be relieved with a stomach tube or by surgery – rumen fistula


預(yù)防



Prevention & Control
泡沫性臌氣


Frothy Bloat · 限制豆類植物攝入量
Limit % of legume in pastureland
· 限制每天吃青草時(shí)間
Limit daily grazing period
· 放牧前飼喂奶牛

Feed cows before turning out on pasture
· 吃草前飼喂干草

Hay before grazing
· 除去嫩草


Strip graze
· 飼喂抗臌氣劑-- Proloxalene 10-20 gms /頭天
Feed anti-bloat agents-Proloxalene 10-20 gms/head/day
· 飼喂非生物降解性/五毒性油60-120ml/天
Feed non-biodegradable/non-toxic oil or fat at 60-120 ml/day
· 飼喂瘤胃素300mg/頭天
Feed Rumensin (Monensin) 300 mg/head/day-bolus
游離氣體性臌氣

Free gas Bloat · 治療原發(fā)性原因

Treat primary cause

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