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[畜牧英語(yǔ)] 無乳鏈球菌乳房炎Streptococcus agalactiae Mastitis

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發(fā)表于 2008-10-4 21:30:03 | 只看該作者 回帖獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) |倒序?yàn)g覽 |閱讀模式

無乳鏈球菌乳房炎

Streptococcus agalactiae Mastitis


Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt



Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling

病因/發(fā)病機(jī)理

Cause & Pathogenesis
無乳鏈球菌—革蘭氏陽(yáng)性球菌Streptococcus agalactiae – gram-positive cocci
·
高度傳染,專性奶牛乳腺寄生細(xì)菌
Highly contagious obligate inhabitant of mammary gland of cow
  • 擠奶時(shí)?!鞑?/font>
    Cow to cow transmission at milking
  • 不侵入乳房組織,但損害上皮
Does not invade mammary tissue but does damage epithelium

危險(xiǎn)因素

Risk Factors
  • 帶菌牛只
    Carrier cows
  • 不正確的擠奶程序
    Improper milking procedure
臨床癥狀
Clinical Findings

  • 主要引起亞臨床性乳房炎Mainly causes sub-clinical mastitis
  • 乳無可視變化
    No visible changes in the milk
  • 所有乳房炎病例的90%是亞臨床性乳房炎(70%的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失來自乳房炎)
  • 90% of all cases of mastitis are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis)
  • 在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中,亞臨床性乳房炎是最昂貴的疾病
  • Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows
  • 體細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)高
    High Somatic Cell Count (SCC)
  • 可偶爾發(fā)作成臨床性乳房炎May occasionally flare-up to clinical
  • 體溫升高,食欲下降,精神萎靡,奶有變化
Elevated temperature, decreased appetite, depression and changes in the milk
診斷

Diagnosis·
根據(jù)SCC,臨床癥狀和乳的細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)
Based on SCC, clinical signs and milk culture
鑒別診斷

Differential Diagnosis
  • 其他原因引起的乳房炎
    Other causes of mastitis
實(shí)驗(yàn)室和病理學(xué)診斷Laboratory and Pathology
·
如果牛群有問題,大批乳桶的SCC升高
If herd problem, elevated bulk tank SCC
·
引起單個(gè)感染牛只的SCC顯著升高
Causes marked increase of SCC in individually infected cows
·
利用SCC鑒別感染牛,然后用CMT鑒別感染乳區(qū)
Utilize SCC to identify infected cows then use CMT to identify infected quarter
  • 肯定感染乳區(qū)做細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)以區(qū)分其他鏈球菌和葡萄球菌
Culture infected quarter-must differentiate from other Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
治療

Treatment·
無乳鏈球菌對(duì)抗生素敏感,包括青霉素
Streptococcus agalactiae is sensitive to antibiotics including Penicillin
·
在泌乳期,用Blitz治療所有感染牛
Blitz treat all infected cows during lactation

預(yù)后情況


Prognosis·
治療有效的,預(yù)后良好,可從牛群中消滅
Good for response to treatment and elimination from the herd
預(yù)防

Prevention & Control
阻止傳播是基本的預(yù)防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control擠奶程序和衛(wèi)生設(shè)備
Milking Procedure and Sanitation
  • 前浸泡
Pre-dip
2.
棄掉前幾把奶,檢查臨床性乳房炎(器具表面黑色最好)
Strip for clinical mastitis check (black surface best)
  • 用一次性紙巾清洗和刺激乳房排乳
Clean and stimulate milk letdown with individual paper towels
4.
如果清洗,在洗液中加消毒劑
Disinfectant in wash solution if used
5.
只洗臟的奶牛,洗后必須完全擦干
Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly dried
  • 擠奶員戴橡膠手套
Rubber gloves on milker
  • 應(yīng)用奶杯
Apply milking claw
從程序27應(yīng)有6090
Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds
  • 避免過度擠奶
    Avoid over-milking
  • 浸泡乳頭可以傳送排乳信號(hào)
Teat dip post milking
·
檢驗(yàn)并套上擠奶器
Test and maintain milking machines
·
在干乳期,每頭奶牛的每個(gè)乳區(qū)都要干燥
Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off
·
淘汰慢性感染牛只
Cull chronically infected cows
·
治療所有的臨床性乳房炎病例
Treat all cases of clinical mastitis
·
隔離所有的感染牛只及其牛乳
Isolate all infected cows and milk last
·
擠感染牛奶后,要消毒奶杯
Sterilize clusters after milking infected cows
·
保持一個(gè)封閉的牛群
Maintain a closed herd
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