肉鴿的養(yǎng)殖與疾病防治

yongqing907

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>一、 品種<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">（一）王鴿：美國育成著名肉鴿品種，有白王鴿和銀王鴿兩種品系。白王鴿在世界上分布較廣。王鴿體形大，喙短粗，胸部發(fā)達，體軀寬廣而充實，尾羽略上翹，無腳毛。成鴿重<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv UnitName="g" SourceValue="1000" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1000g</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>左右，一對成年鴿一年產(chǎn)<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>對乳鴿，<SPAN lang=EN-US>23</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>25d</SPAN>乳鴿體重可達<SPAN lang=EN-US>500</SPAN>～<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="g" SourceValue="700" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>700g</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">（二）石歧鴿： 產(chǎn)于我國廣東中山石歧縣一帶，是本地鴿與鸞鴿，王鴿，卡奴鴿品種經(jīng)雜交選育而成，是我國大型肉鴿之一。公鴿體重可達<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="g" SourceValue="900" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>900g</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>，母鴿可達<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="g" SourceValue="750" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>750g</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>。標(biāo)準體形是體長，翼長，尾長，毛色為灰色，年產(chǎn)蛋<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>對，蛋殼薄，孵化時易被踩碎。石歧鴿耐粗飼，性情溫柔，肉嫩，易飼養(yǎng)。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（三）卡駑鴿：產(chǎn)于法國，頸粗胸闊，體形緊湊結(jié)實，姿勢挺直。年產(chǎn)乳鴿<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>對。羽毛有紅、白、黃、黑色。公鴿體重可達<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="g" SourceValue="800" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>800g</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>，母鴿可達<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="g" SourceValue="700" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>700g</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>，性情溫順，愛集群，易飼養(yǎng)。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（四）鸞鴿：肉鴿中體型最大體重最重的一種，成年公鴿體重可達<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="kg" SourceValue="1.4" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1.4kg</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>，母鴿可達<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="kg" SourceValue="1.25" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1.25kg</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>。一對鸞鴿年產(chǎn)乳鴿<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>對，<SPAN lang=EN-US>28</SPAN>日齡可達<SPAN lang=EN-US>700</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>900g</SPAN>。其特點是：平頭大眼，體大身寬呈方塊狀，性情溫馴，不善飛翔，通常作為雜交育種的親本。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（五）賀姆鴿：現(xiàn)已遍及亞洲各地，羽毛緊密、軀體結(jié)實、無腳毛，羽毛有灰、紅、黑等斑點，成鴿體重為<SPAN lang=EN-US>800<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="g" SourceValue="900" HasSpace="False" Negative="True" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on">-900g</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN>，年產(chǎn)乳鴿<SPAN lang=EN-US>7-8</SPAN>只，肉質(zhì)好、耐粗飼。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生活習(xí)性</SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鴿由野生長期馴化培育而成的，但野鴿的大部分生活習(xí)性被繼承下來，了解鴿的生活習(xí)性是飼養(yǎng)好鴿的前提：（一）白天活動夜間棲息。鴿白天十分活躍，頻繁采食飲水，晚間在棲架上或舍內(nèi)安靜休息，因此可根據(jù)特點此安排飼喂時間，經(jīng)馴化的信鴿可夜間飛行。（二）是晚成鳥類。卵經(jīng)孵化出殼后，乳鴿不能獨立生活，不能站立行走采食，需親鴿用自己嗉囊中分泌的鴿乳哺育</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">個月左右才能獨立生活，這時期要加強保育。（三）情感專一，“一夫一妻”制，成年鴿配偶有選擇性。在配對后情感專一，共同參與營巢孵化和哺育乳鴿，終身不離。若配對一方死去或飛失，則需要經(jīng)過一段時間才能尋找新配偶。生產(chǎn)上，人們?yōu)楂@得高產(chǎn)或選育優(yōu)良品種經(jīng)常將配對好的鴿拆散重新配對，一般要經(jīng)過一周隔離可再重新配對。（四）好清潔，喜歡干燥。鴿好清潔喜歡通風(fēng)干燥的環(huán)境。鴿經(jīng)常洗浴，抖動身軀，除去羽毛皮膚上的污垢達到清潔的目的。若通風(fēng)不良、潮濕，鴿食欲減退，生產(chǎn)能力下降，甚至大批死亡，因此鴿舍要通風(fēng)良好清潔干燥。（五）記憶力強，警覺性高。鴿的記憶力很強，對方位巢箱環(huán)境條件的識別記憶力極強，甚至經(jīng)過數(shù)年的離別也能辨別方向飛回原地。鴿的警覺性高，若受到天敵的侵擾（如貓，狗，蛇），就會發(fā)生驚群，逃出后就不在回巢，因此要把鴿養(yǎng)在安靜安全的環(huán)境條件下是必要的。</SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: .5; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: .57gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>三、場地選擇<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>地面平坦、向陽，坡度為<SPAN lang=EN-US>1%</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>3%</SPAN>，砂類土壤，干旱或結(jié)凍時期能夠滿足鴿對水的需要，同時選擇水質(zhì)符合飲用標(biāo)準的水。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 6pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>四、鴿舍與鴿籠<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>（一）單籠鴿舍：般建造長可根據(jù)飼養(yǎng)量決定、寬<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>7m</SPAN>周圍開放式的鴿舍，舍周圍可設(shè)置活動檔板，鴿籠的規(guī)格為長寬各為<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="60" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>60cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>、高為<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="50" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>50cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>鐵絲籠，鴿籠層疊擺放三層、四列，過道寬度為<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="120" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>120cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>，水槽與料槽之間設(shè)一檔板，水槽安放在料槽下方，防止水、料相互污染。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 6pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（二）雙籠式鴿舍：般建造的鴿舍內(nèi)部空間為寬<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="m" SourceValue="3" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>3m</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>、長可根據(jù)飼養(yǎng)量決定、高<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>3<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="m" SourceValue="0.4" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on">.4m</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN>，中間留有<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="m" SourceValue="2" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2m</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>寬的工作通道，墻內(nèi)側(cè)設(shè)寬<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="40" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>40cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>、深<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="5" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>5cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>的<SPAN lang=EN-US>V</SPAN>字型內(nèi)水溝，墻外側(cè)設(shè)寬<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="60" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>60cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>、深<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="5" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>5cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>的<SPAN lang=EN-US>V</SPAN>字型外水溝，在內(nèi)水溝上方，放置<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>層產(chǎn)鴿內(nèi)籠，底層籠底距水溝<SPAN lang=EN-US>35</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>45cm</SPAN>，靠近頂層籠上方對應(yīng)墻上，開設(shè)一空氣對流窗，外水溝上方放置產(chǎn)鴿外籠，對應(yīng)內(nèi)外籠之間開設(shè)一小門共鴿子進出用。一般是每個籠子長寬各<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="50" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>50cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>、高<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="45" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>45cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>，籠底網(wǎng)眼為<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="2" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>×<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="4" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>4cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>或者<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="2" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>×<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="6" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>6cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>，窩巢設(shè)在籠門一邊。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 6pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（三）離地群養(yǎng)鴿舍：般適用與種鴿飼養(yǎng)，多為單列式飼養(yǎng)，每棟鴿舍舍長可根據(jù)飼養(yǎng)量決定、寬<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>5m</SPAN>、高<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>3<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="m" SourceValue="0.5" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on">.5m</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN>、周圍墻高<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="m" SourceValue="2" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2m</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>、舍內(nèi)分為<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>個小單間，每個小單間可養(yǎng)種鴿<SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN>對左右，舍內(nèi)北面留有<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.5</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>1<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="m" SourceValue="0.8" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on">.8m</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN>人行道，舍的南面用鐵絲網(wǎng)圍住，并距地面<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="50" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>50cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>處用鐵絲網(wǎng)平鋪起來，網(wǎng)眼為<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="2" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>×<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="2" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>，使鴿在網(wǎng)上活動不與糞便接觸，減少發(fā)病率。每個小間南面開設(shè)一道門供飼養(yǎng)人員進入，每個小欄北面設(shè)<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>層草窩，供配對后的鴿子定巢與產(chǎn)蛋，草窩的規(guī)格為寬高各<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="40" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>40cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>、長<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="50" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>50cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>即可。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 4.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: .43gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（四）地面群養(yǎng)鴿舍：般是建成座北朝南磚木結(jié)構(gòu)單列式鴿舍，每棟長約為<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>18m</SPAN>、寬<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="m" SourceValue="5" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>5m</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>、高<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="m" SourceValue="2.5" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>2.5m</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>隔成約<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="m2" SourceValue="10" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10m2</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>左右?guī)讉€小間，每個小間可飼養(yǎng)青年鴿<SPAN lang=EN-US>50</SPAN>對，或產(chǎn)蛋鴿<SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN>對，北墻距地面<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="40" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>40cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>開設(shè)一個通風(fēng)窗；鴿舍水泥地面并稍向前傾利于清洗與消毒，舍前面設(shè)一運動場，其面積應(yīng)為鴿舍的<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.5</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>倍，四周用磚砌<SPAN lang=EN-US>50</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>70cm</SPAN>高的圍墻，上面用鐵絲網(wǎng)圍起，舍的北側(cè)用磚壘成<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>鴿巢，規(guī)格為高<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="30" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>30cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>、長寬各<st1:chmetcnv UnitName="cm" SourceValue="50" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>50cm</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBlockText style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 6pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">五、鴿的產(chǎn)蛋與孵化：種鴿配對成功后，通常</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10d</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右開始產(chǎn)蛋，每窩產(chǎn)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">枚。一般產(chǎn)下第一枚后隔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2d</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">產(chǎn)下第二枚便開始孵化。有些初產(chǎn)鴿產(chǎn)下一枚蛋后就開始孵化，以后多次產(chǎn)蛋就無這種現(xiàn)象。自然孵化要給種鴿一個安靜安全的環(huán)境，適當(dāng)提高飼料營養(yǎng)水平，粗蛋白質(zhì)含</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右孵化過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)破損蛋要撿出。第五天進行第一次照蛋，凡是蛋內(nèi)有血紅色網(wǎng)狀血管的是受精蛋；若透明又無血管是無精蛋，要剔出第十天進二次照蛋凡是蛋內(nèi)一端無黑，氣室增大，說明蛋胚發(fā)育正常。若蛋內(nèi)有水狀液體流動且呈灰色則為死胚蛋。將無精蛋，死胚蛋取出后，將每兩枚并成一窩，時間要相同或相差一天，使無孵化任務(wù)的種鴿，早日產(chǎn)下下一窩種蛋。孵化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17d</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">開始出殼，在蛋殼中部分破殼突起，將蛋放在耳邊可聽到啄殼聲，若雛鴿出殼有困難需要人工輕輕除去鈍端蛋殼及殼膜少許；若雛鴿干燥可除去鈍端</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1/3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">將頭拉出讓其慢慢出殼。孵化的過程中應(yīng)提高種鴿的飼料營養(yǎng)水平，粗蛋白質(zhì)為</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，代謝能</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><st1:chmetcnv UnitName="m" SourceValue="12.1" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">12.1M</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">/kg,</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并增加多種維生素和微量元素的供給，在孵化期間應(yīng)避免刺激，保證環(huán)境安靜和穩(wěn)定。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 4.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: .5; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>六、飼養(yǎng)管理<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（一）日糧配方：<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、哺乳種鴿<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>孵化<SPAN lang=EN-US>10d</SPAN>后到雛鴿滿月出籠，日糧配比。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）綠豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>豌豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>20% </SPAN>玉米<SPAN lang=EN-US>25% </SPAN>小米<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>糯米<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>稻谷<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>油菜籽<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>高粱米<SPAN lang=EN-US>8% </SPAN>火麻仁<SPAN lang=EN-US>2% </SPAN>赤豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>5%</SPAN>（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）玉米<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>豌豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>15% </SPAN>綠豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>膏粱<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>稻谷<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>小麥<SPAN lang=EN-US>5%</SPAN>花生<SPAN lang=EN-US>5%</SPAN>，使用時適當(dāng)灑點鹽水。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）玉米<SPAN lang=EN-US>50% </SPAN>麩皮<SPAN lang=EN-US>7% </SPAN>膏粱<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>豌豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>20% </SPAN>豆餅<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>石粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>4% </SPAN>磷酸氫鈣<SPAN lang=EN-US>3.7% </SPAN>氯化鈉<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.3%</SPAN>；<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、人工鴿乳：米粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>50% </SPAN>麩皮<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>黃豆粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>豌豆粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>綠豆粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>7% </SPAN>米粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>酵母粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>1% </SPAN>保健沙<SPAN lang=EN-US>2%</SPAN>；<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、童種鴿糧配比<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>1</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>個月齡：米<SPAN lang=EN-US>25% </SPAN>綠豆粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>25% </SPAN>小麥<SPAN lang=EN-US>20% </SPAN>膏粱<SPAN lang=EN-US>15% </SPAN>小米<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>黃豆粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>5%</SPAN>；<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>、青年鴿<SPAN lang=EN-US> 3</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>個月；（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）玉米<SPAN lang=EN-US>40% </SPAN>小麥<SPAN lang=EN-US>20% </SPAN>膏粱<SPAN lang=EN-US>20% </SPAN>小米<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>綠豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>10%</SPAN>；（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）玉米<SPAN lang=EN-US>40% </SPAN>糙米<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>膏粱<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>小麥<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>豌豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>20% </SPAN>綠豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>10%5</SPAN>、換羽日糧：豌豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>20% </SPAN>玉米<SPAN lang=EN-US>30% </SPAN>稻谷<SPAN lang=EN-US>25% </SPAN>小麥<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>油菜籽<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>火麻仁<SPAN lang=EN-US>2% </SPAN>綠豆<SPAN lang=EN-US>8%</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 4.5pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: .5; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（二）保健沙配方：<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、碎牡蠣殼<SPAN lang=EN-US>15% </SPAN>小沙礫<SPAN lang=EN-US>40% </SPAN>骨粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>石灰石粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>氯化鈉<SPAN lang=EN-US>4% </SPAN>紅土<SPAN lang=EN-US>1%</SPAN>；<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、牡蠣粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>40% </SPAN>粗砂<SPAN lang=EN-US>35% </SPAN>木炭灰<SPAN lang=EN-US>6% </SPAN>骨粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>8% </SPAN>石灰石粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>6% </SPAN>氯化鈉<SPAN lang=EN-US>4% </SPAN>紅土<SPAN lang=EN-US>1%</SPAN>；<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、黃泥<SPAN lang=EN-US>30% </SPAN>粗砂<SPAN lang=EN-US>20% </SPAN>舊石灰粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>貝殼粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>骨粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>10% </SPAN>木炭末<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>氯化鈉<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>禽用多種維生素<SPAN lang=EN-US>5% </SPAN>微量元素添加劑<SPAN lang=EN-US>5%</SPAN>；<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>、深層黃土<SPAN lang=EN-US>35% </SPAN>牡蠣粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>30% </SPAN>粗砂<SPAN lang=EN-US>5%</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>7% </SPAN>氯化鈉<SPAN lang=EN-US>5%</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>7% </SPAN>木炭末<SPAN lang=EN-US>12%</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>15% </SPAN>禽用多種維生素<SPAN lang=EN-US>8%-10% </SPAN>微量元素<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.5%<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 17.3pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">（三）總的飼養(yǎng)管理和技術(shù)要點：<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、飼養(yǎng)方式 童鴿（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>月齡）和青年鴿（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>月齡）以群養(yǎng)為好，即能滿足群棲習(xí)慣又能得到運動和陽光浴。種鴿（<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>月齡以上）以籠養(yǎng)為好。優(yōu)點：（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）配種時不受干擾，受精率高。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）籠內(nèi)安靜，哺育后代成活率高。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）便于觀察，記錄，檢查。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>）發(fā)病率低，便于個體及時治療。<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、飼喂方式：（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）定時定量飼喂：優(yōu)點：</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-no-proof: yes">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">便于觀察食欲情況。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-no-proof: yes">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">能夠建立喂食信號，形成條件反射。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-no-proof: yes">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">有利于建立人鴿親和關(guān)系。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）飼喂次數(shù)：<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>月齡每天喂<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>次，種鴿喂<SPAN lang=EN-US>2-3</SPAN>次，哺乳鴿要適當(dāng)配料，定時定量每天投保健沙一次。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）供水：水要清潔新鮮，預(yù)防鴿的藥物可溶于水中飲服。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>）消毒：鴿舍、地面、運動場、產(chǎn)蛋間、水溝、食槽經(jīng)常消毒，謝絕參觀。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>）記錄：包括品種，標(biāo)號，毛色等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 15.4pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（四）乳鴿飼養(yǎng)管理要點：從出殼到<SPAN lang=EN-US>30d</SPAN>內(nèi)。規(guī)律是：出殼<SPAN lang=EN-US>7d</SPAN>內(nèi)親鴿給乳鴿喂的是全漿飼料，由稀到稠。<SPAN lang=EN-US>7d</SPAN>后喂?jié){粒混合料，并逐漸轉(zhuǎn)為全粒料。<SPAN lang=EN-US>20d</SPAN>左右，鴿重<SPAN lang=EN-US>500</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>600g</SPAN>即可買。<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、飼養(yǎng)注意事項：若乳鴿死亡一只，剩下的一只喂的過飽會引起嗉囊積食，不利于生長，應(yīng)設(shè)法歸并，并精心護理，適當(dāng)減少親鴿的喂食，給乳鴿喂一些助消化的藥物。<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>10d</SPAN>，親鴿開始喂給乳鴿顆粒料，常引起消化不良和嗉囊炎，可粉碎飼料用清水浸透，晾干后再喂給親鴿。<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、部分親鴿在乳鴿長到<SPAN lang=EN-US>15d</SPAN>后又重新產(chǎn)蛋，同時又要喂乳鴿，但有的親鴿無心喂養(yǎng)，這時要人工灌喂飼料或并養(yǎng)出去喂養(yǎng)。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 17.3pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（五）童鴿和青年鴿飼養(yǎng)要點：被選用種用的乳鴿從開始獨立取食到性成熟一般要<SPAN lang=EN-US>30d</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>個月齡。注意事項：<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、飼養(yǎng)時注意要保暖通風(fēng)；<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、把蠶豆玉米破成小粒用清水浸泡、晾干后再喂給；<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、注意觀察、記錄，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時處理；<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>月齡后適當(dāng)減少能量飼料，增加蛋白質(zhì)飼料，防止過胖早熟，并進行一次驅(qū)蟲及選優(yōu)去差工作。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 17.3pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（六）蛋鴿飼養(yǎng)管理要點：一般指以配對的產(chǎn)蛋鴿，從<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>月齡開始。<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、初配的幾天內(nèi)加強觀察，若配對恰當(dāng)，一般<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>3d</SPAN>即可融洽相處；若<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>5d</SPAN>還經(jīng)常打架，有時可能兩個都是雄鴿或一公一母不愿相配，這時要重新配對；<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、配對好后便開始產(chǎn)蛋應(yīng)及時放好草窩；<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、產(chǎn)下<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>只蛋仍不孵化，可在籠外遮上黑布保持安靜；<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>、發(fā)現(xiàn)出殼后<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>5h</SPAN>不喂乳時，要細心觀察。若有病需及時治療。有的親鴿不會喂哺，就要進行訓(xùn)練即把乳鴿的嘴放入親鴿嘴內(nèi)，重復(fù)幾次就可教會；<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>、若親鴿每次都先灌喂同一只乳鴿，結(jié)果兩只鴿大小懸殊，這時要調(diào)換一下位置；<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>、要大膽淘汰。發(fā)現(xiàn)體形小，產(chǎn)無精蛋，產(chǎn)蛋次數(shù)少的產(chǎn)蛋鴿要及時淘汰保證高產(chǎn)群。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 17.3pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（七）鴿病防治<B>：</B><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、鴿痘：<SPAN lang=EN-US>(1)</SPAN>病因：病毒引起，發(fā)病多在<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>月份。<SPAN lang=EN-US>(2)</SPAN>傳染途徑：蚊蟲是主要傳染媒介<SPAN lang=EN-US>(3)</SPAN>癥狀：病變多局限在眼瞼，喙周圍，肛門，腳等皮膚裸露處。初為白灰結(jié)節(jié)，后又變?yōu)樯詈稚Y(jié)痂，<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>個月的肉鴿極易發(fā)生。<SPAN lang=EN-US>(4)</SPAN>防治：①作好鴿舍消毒除蚊滅蟲工作，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)第一只鴿患此病時要隔離和對鴿舍進行滅蚊滅蠅工作。②挑剪患處結(jié)痂，取<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.2%</SPAN>的高錳酸鉀洗滌病變處，然后涂上紫藥水或<SPAN lang=EN-US>2%</SPAN>蜂膠酊，每天<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>次，<SPAN lang=EN-US>3d</SPAN>即可治好。③用碘、甘油涂擦患部。④可用些中藥，如金銀花，板藍根煎水飲用。<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、鴿的新城疫：（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）病因：<SPAN lang=EN-US>I</SPAN>型副黏病毒病；（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）傳染途徑：通過污染的飼料，飲水，用具及其接觸過病鴿的飼養(yǎng)者衣帽傳染；（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）癥狀：潛伏期<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>10d</SPAN>，最初羽毛蓬松，精神萎靡，食欲減退，渴欲增加，呈陣發(fā)性痙攣，一翅或雙翅下垂，腳爪麻痹，頭頸扭曲，頭后仰，排黃綠色水樣糞便，呼吸困難，有眼結(jié)膜炎，鼻有分泌物；（<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>）預(yù)防與控制：平時搞好衛(wèi)生，定期消毒，定期進行疫情監(jiān)測和免疫接種；（<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>）防治：無特效藥，肌肉或皮下注射<SPAN lang=EN-US>I</SPAN>型副黏液病毒疫苗<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.5ml/</SPAN>只，二次加強免疫。<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、嗉囊積食：（<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>）病因：鴿過度飽食，飼料不能及時送入胃中而停留在嗉囊中。（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>）癥狀：食欲不振，精神沉郁，嗉囊中食物結(jié)團；（<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>）治療：用<SPAN lang=EN-US>20%</SPAN>鹽水灌服，用手柔嗉囊，使食物軟化從口中擠出或開刀縫合數(shù)日即可治愈。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 17.35pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>七、提高肉鴿生產(chǎn)力的五個措施<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.45pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 17.3pt; mso-para-margin-right: .14gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><FONT color=#000000>（一）提高產(chǎn)蛋率：<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、飼料：喂給全價飼料是提高產(chǎn)蛋率的關(guān)鍵和基礎(chǔ)，尤其是哺育雛鴿期間而又要快產(chǎn)蛋的生產(chǎn)鴿，最好喂給全價顆粒飼料；每只鴿每天補充<SPAN lang=EN-US>VA200</SPAN>國際單位、<SPAN lang=EN-US>VE1mg</SPAN><B>、</B><SPAN lang=EN-US>VB21.<B>2</B>mg</SPAN><B>；</B>飼料里多增加蛋白質(zhì)含量高的豆類飼料；對產(chǎn)軟殼蛋的鴿應(yīng)給予抗生素的同時加喂<SPAN lang=EN-US>VD</SPAN>和鈣質(zhì)飼料。<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、管理：有條件加喂夜餐；保持舍內(nèi)干燥；適當(dāng)延長光照時間；保持凍不冷夏不熱環(huán)境，對患生殖器官疾病應(yīng)及時治療；在照蛋時如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有無精蛋者應(yīng)及時除去，并及時并窩代孵，以促進母鴿早日產(chǎn)蛋，同時少用影響產(chǎn)蛋綠的磺胺類藥物。（二）提高受精率：為了提高受精率，保證<SPAN lang=EN-US>VE</SPAN>的喂量，增加火麻仁喂量：公鴿可每只注射丙酸睪丸酮<SPAN lang=EN-US>5mg</SPAN>以提高其性欲，<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>3d</SPAN>后再注一次；對母鴿有輸卵管炎的應(yīng)給予土霉素治療數(shù)天，若無效者淘汰；對長期產(chǎn)無精蛋的產(chǎn)鴿，應(yīng)重新配對；應(yīng)加強光照和運動。（三）提高孵化率：只有注重飼料營養(yǎng)全面，才能保證鴿蛋具有胚胎發(fā)育的各種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，提高孵化率。主要是保證飼料里含有鴿需要的各種<SPAN lang=EN-US>V</SPAN>、亞油酸、鈣、磷以及微量元素的均衡給量。（四）提高雛鴿成活率：提高成活率的辦法是：冬季避免雛鴿受涼生??；春夏多雨季節(jié)注意保持鴿舍干爽；炎熱盛夏注意鴿舍通風(fēng)散熱，避免中暑；防止親鴿與鄰近鴿打斗以抓傷和踏死雛鴿；及時清除巢盤內(nèi)的糞便防止螨的繁殖，避免引起雛鴿腹瀉、臍炎、或臍毛滴蟲感染等；<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>～<SPAN lang=EN-US>24</SPAN>日齡是雛鴿生長發(fā)育最快階段<SPAN lang=EN-US>, </SPAN>飼喂時應(yīng)減少或去掉有殼谷類飼料<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>增加綠豆和去殼小麥<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>并且要整天供應(yīng)飼料、保健砂及清潔飲水；晚上應(yīng)亮燈喂水一次，好讓親鴿盡量喂飽雛鴿。（五）做好防病治病工作：<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>、不喂變質(zhì)飼料；<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>、搞好環(huán)境衛(wèi)生：勤清除糞便；定期消毒；<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>、加強防疫：禁止外人參觀，防止外來畜禽、野鳥等進入鴿舍；定期進行疫苗接種。<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>、病鴿及時治療：每天要細心觀察親鴿、雛鴿精神狀態(tài)、食欲和糞便，發(fā)現(xiàn)異常立即診斷進行治療，如果發(fā)生嚴重傳染病流行時應(yīng)立即采取緊急措施，加強隔離觀察、消毒，強化疫苗接種。對病死鴿應(yīng)該遠處深埋。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>

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河北肉鴿養(yǎng)殖場

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