【獨(dú)家】干旱條件下?tīng)倥Ｔ鐢嗄瘫容^好

007畜牧

　　Better to wean calves early during drought conditions

　　干旱條件下?tīng)倥Ｔ鐢嗄瘫容^好

　　新聞發(fā)布日期:2013年8月30日

　　According to a study by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) cows that weaned calves early during severe weather conditions like drought have better body condition going into the winter, thus saving on feed throughout the winter.
　　根據(jù)最新的美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部(USDA)奶牛部的研究表明在惡劣的季節(jié)如干旱期，犢牛早點(diǎn)斷奶將會(huì)在進(jìn)入冬天時(shí)，獲得更好的身體條件，從而節(jié)省整個(gè)冬季的飼料。
　　During drought, limited forage for livestock grazing can restrict calf growth, resulting in lighter calf weaning weights. Drought may also cause cows to lose body weight, and may weaken their immune functions, reducing their overall health and reproductive performance.
　　在干旱期間，限制牲畜的草料能限制小牛犢的生長(zhǎng)，導(dǎo)致?tīng)倥嗄虝r(shí)體重較輕。干旱期也能使奶牛丟失體重，可能會(huì)減小它們的免疫功能，降低它們的整體健康和繁殖性能。
　　Animal scientist Richard Waterman, at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory (LARRL) in Miles City, Mont., examines management options to minimise the effects of severe drought on rangeland livestock production.
　　動(dòng)物科學(xué)家Richard Waterman在邁爾斯市的農(nóng)業(yè)研究所（ARS）Fort Keogh家畜推廣研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室（LARRL）工作，他檢查了管理項(xiàng)目以便將嚴(yán)重干旱對(duì)牧場(chǎng)家畜生產(chǎn)的影響降低到最低。
　　Working with local ranchers, Montana State University scientists and American Simmental Association collaborators in Bozeman, Mont., Waterman evaluated the early weaning of beef calves and its impact on cow, heifer, and steer performance. Calves at two locations in Montana-Judith Gap and LARRL-were weaned early at 80 days of age and at the more traditional age of 215 days. Cows that weaned a calf early weighed more and were in better body condition at the start of winter. As a result, the amount of harvested feedstuffs required for cows to maintain satisfactory body weights and condition throughout winter was reduced.
　　Waterman一直與當(dāng)?shù)啬翀?chǎng)主和蒙大拿大學(xué)科學(xué)家以及Bozeman美國(guó)西門(mén)塔爾協(xié)會(huì)合作者一起工作，他評(píng)估了早期斷奶和對(duì)犢牛，小母牛和閹牛的影響。蒙大拿Judith Gap和LARRL兩個(gè)地方的犢牛，在80天齡時(shí)斷奶或者在傳統(tǒng)的215天齡斷奶。犢牛早期斷奶可在初冬獲得較好的體重和身體狀況。這樣的結(jié)果是，冬天用于維持犢牛良好的體重和身體條件所需要的飼料減少了。
　　Waterman confirmed that early weaning is a viable management option, presents fewer problems and allows producers to better control their production environment. He also demonstrated that early weaning increases the likelihood that heifers will become pregnant on time in the following breeding season.
　　Waterman確認(rèn)早期斷奶是一種可行的管理方案，它會(huì)出現(xiàn)較少的問(wèn)題，允許生產(chǎn)者能更好地控制他們的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境。他還表明早期斷奶增加了小母牛在下一個(gè)育種季節(jié)及時(shí)妊娠的可能性。
　　Additional studies showed that early-weaned steers reached maturity sooner than traditionally weaned steers when body weight gain, feedlot performance and carcass traits were measured.
　　進(jìn)一步研究表明在測(cè)定增重，飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)性能和胴體性狀時(shí)，公牛早期斷奶可比傳統(tǒng)斷奶牛過(guò)早獲得成熟。
　　Waterman noted that management of early-weaned steers can directly impact how they grade at harvest. In some cases, early-weaned steers had poorer USDA yield grades because carcasses were too fat. However, Waterman demonstrated that producers can maximize carcass value of early-weaned steers if animals are identified before they enter the feedlot and then harvested at an earlier age.
　　Waterman指出早期斷奶犢牛管理可直接影響它們的后期性狀。在某些情況下，早期斷奶具有較差的USDA產(chǎn)量等級(jí)，這是因?yàn)殡伢w太肥了。然而，Waterman表明，如果動(dòng)物在進(jìn)入牧場(chǎng)前能夠得到鑒定，然后再較早的年齡可以出欄的話，生產(chǎn)者可以最大程度地提高早期斷奶閹牛的胴體價(jià)值
　　想要知道更多，請(qǐng)閱讀 August 2013 issue of Agricultural Research magazine <http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/aug13/beef0813.htm>.
來(lái)源：allaboutfeed
譯者：IRIS



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