胎兒期日糧的風(fēng)味影響了仔豬斷奶前后的風(fēng)味愛好

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　　在斷奶后,仔豬面對一系列的壓力挑戰(zhàn)，包括需要吃新的飼料，表現(xiàn)出不同時間間隔的營養(yǎng)不良和厭食，這使它們的死亡率很容易擴大。
　　有一些策略可以幫助改善胃腸道的發(fā)育和功能，據(jù)報道它們與斷奶后短暫時期的性能有正相關(guān)作用。哺乳動物的飼喂行為是建立在遺傳學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上，也建立在后天學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上，這個過程可伴隨整個生命周期建立對某些日糧原料和風(fēng)味的偏好。眾所周知，哺乳動物在出生后，有能力根據(jù)檢測羊水的自然風(fēng)味來接近自己的母親。
　　本研究中，假設(shè)仔豬在吃奶期的風(fēng)味選擇可能會被胎兒期的風(fēng)味記憶影響。本研究的目的是（1）測定吃奶期是否會表現(xiàn)出對母親羊水或外來羊水的喜好【試驗1】，（2）評估是否可依據(jù)胎兒期的日糧風(fēng)味改變吃奶期和斷奶仔豬的教糟料風(fēng)味（分別是試驗2和試驗3）。通過三重U型競技測試法，在7分鐘，提供一個三重選擇來刺激，這三個選擇是產(chǎn)婦羊水，外來的產(chǎn)婦羊水和水（試驗1）；在妊娠后期的日糧中添加某種風(fēng)味，對照組和水（試驗2）。
　　相同的產(chǎn)前策略用來研究哺乳期（試驗3）仔豬對調(diào)味或未調(diào)味教糟料的偏愛。試驗1的結(jié)果表明仔豬偏愛它們自己母親的羊水風(fēng)味(P<0.001)，但是這些偏好隨年齡消失。此外，在試驗2中，產(chǎn)前日糧材料的風(fēng)味影響了吃奶期的仔豬偏好(P<0.001)。然而，在試驗3中，與未調(diào)味的教糟料相比，胎兒期接觸的風(fēng)味沒有改善仔豬的風(fēng)味偏好
　　結(jié)論，產(chǎn)前接觸的日糧材料風(fēng)味影響了仔豬對新風(fēng)味的偏好，可能是通過子宮中以及家族影響的享樂獎勵和風(fēng)味之間的正相關(guān)來調(diào)節(jié)的。出生前的參數(shù)似乎是持久存在的。這可能是降低幼齡仔豬對特殊風(fēng)味的新奇恐怖癥的重要因素。【意思可能是要想適應(yīng)教糟料，抹點類似母親羊水風(fēng)味的東西有利于誘食】
　　英文來源：pig333.com
　　譯者：IRIS

　　文章出版日期:2013年10月24日
　　原題目:日糧材料的風(fēng)味影響了仔豬斷奶前后的風(fēng)味愛好
　　期刊Animal Feed Science and Technology, 183; 160 - 167.
　　鏈接:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.04.023


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英文：　　During the post-weaning period, piglets face a large list of stressful challenge, including the need to eat new feed responding with variable periods of underfeeding and anorexia that make them vulnerable increasing the mortality rate. There are some strategies that may help to improve the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract and have been positively related to performance in the immediate post-weaning period. Feeding behaviour in mammals is based upon genetic components, and also on learning; a process which is established along the entire life to create preferences for some ingredients or flavours of the diet. It is well known that newborn mammals have the ability to approach their own mother after birth by the detection of the natural flavours of amniotic fluid. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that flavour choices in piglets during the suckling period may be influenced by the prenatal experience with those flavours. The aims of this study were (1) to determine whether suckling piglets show a preference for either the odour of maternal amniotic fluid or the odour of alien amniotic fluid (Experiment 1) and (2) to evaluate if pre-natal flavour exposure via maternal diet modifies flavour and creep-feed preferences in suckling and weaning piglets (Experiments 2 and 3, respectively).Through Triple-U-Testing Arena (TUTA), during 7 min, were offered a triple-choice stimulus among maternal amniotic fluid, alien amniotic fluid or water (Experiment 1) or among a flavour added to the late-gestation diet, a control flavour and water (Experiment 2). The same prenatal strategy was used to study the piglet’s preference for flavoured or unflavoured creep feed during the suckling period (Experiment 3). The results in Experiment 1 showed that suckling piglets preferred amniotic-fluid flavours from their own mother (P<0.001), but these preferences disappeared with age. Furthermore, in Experiment 2, prenatal flavour exposure via maternal diet significantly influenced a piglet’s preferences during lactation (P<0.001). However, in Experiment 3, prenatal flavour exposure did not improve the preference of piglets for a flavoured compared to an unflavoured creep feed diet.

　　In conclusion, pre-natal exposure to flavours via maternal diet influences the piglet’s preferences for new flavours, probably through a positive association between flavours and the hedonic reward of the uterine experience and a familiarity effect. Preferences acquired before birth seem to be long-lasting. This may be an important factor to reduce neophobia for specific flavours in young pigs.