【豬】第六十期：嘔吐毒素誘導(dǎo)的保育豬生長抑制以及海藻修飾型蒙脫石緩解此抑制的潛力

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　　嘔吐毒素誘導(dǎo)的保育豬生長抑制以及海藻修飾型蒙脫石緩解此抑制的潛力

　　H. L.Frobose, J. A. Erceg, S. Q. Fowler, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C.Woodworth, S. S. Dritz and R. D. Goodband

　　兩個試驗的開展旨在研究嘔吐毒素（DON）誘導(dǎo)的保育豬生長抑制和海藻修飾型蒙脫石（AMMC）對嘔吐毒素抑制作用的緩解。

　　兩個試驗中，使用自然污染DON的小麥配制不同DON水平的飼料。試驗一選用280頭閹公豬和小母豬(體重為10.0 ± 0.2 kg )采用 2 × 2 + 1 析因設(shè)計，每個處理有8個重復(fù)，試驗期為28天。5個處理組包含2個低于DON檢測限濃度的正對照（PC）日糧，分別添加0和0.50% AMMC；另外三個負(fù)對照日糧中DON濃度為5 mg/kg且分別添加0、0.25% 和 0.50% AMMC。研究表明DON 與 AMMC之間無交互作用?？傊?，不管是否添加AMMC，飼喂有DON時豬的平均日增重是下降的（P < 0.001）。飼喂DON污染的日糧后的當(dāng)天到第3天間采食量和肉料比下降最嚴(yán)重（P < 0.01），整體來看會長期低于對照組但隨著飼喂天數(shù)的增加影響的嚴(yán)重程度會降低。飼喂含DON日糧的豬只28日齡時的圈內(nèi)體重變異度（CV）較大。盡管日糧中添加 0.50% 的AMMC使得日均采食量在14日齡到21日齡間恢復(fù)至與正對照組相似的水平且對其它方面沒有影響。

　　試驗二的試驗周期為21天，選取2360頭閹公豬 (11.4 ± 0.2 kg 體重)按3 × 3析因設(shè)計分別飼喂9種日糧，其中DON和AMMC的添加作為主因。每個處理設(shè)置8個圈舍作為重復(fù)。設(shè)置了三個沒有DON的陽性對照日糧、三個含低濃度DON (1.5 mg/kg DON) 日糧、三個含高濃度DON(3 mg/kg DON)日糧，各個DON濃度的日糧組內(nèi)添加AMMC的濃度梯度分別為0、0.17%和0.50%。DON和AMMC之間并沒有觀察出交互作用。隨著DON濃度的增加，由于日均采食量的降低（二次的、P < 0.01）和肉料比的變差導(dǎo)致了平均日增重和末重降低（二次的、P < 0.05）。對DON濃度為1.5 和3 mg/kg 的日糧組從試驗開始到第7天之間平均日增重的下降是非常顯著的(少了15%到 22%) 并且至少不同于第14天至第21天（少了5%到6%）。AMMC含量的增加對平均日增重、日均采食量和肉料比和末重均無影響。總之，這組試驗進一步確認(rèn)了DON對采食量的影響并且表明DON對肉料比的影響之大可能超出了之前的認(rèn)識。此外，一些豬只表現(xiàn)出對DON的耐受性，如DON對日均采食量和肉料比的影響與日俱減。然而，AMMC的添加并沒有補償DON的毒害作用。


　　The progression of deoxynivalenol-induced growth suppression in nursery pigs and the potential of an algae-modified montmorillonite clay to mitigate these effects

　　H. L.Frobose, J. A. Erceg, S. Q. Fowler, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, J. C.Woodworth, S. S. Dritz and R. D. Goodband

　　Two experiments were conducted to characterize the progression of deoxynivalenol(DON)-induced growth suppression and to investigate algae-modified montmorillonite clay (AMMC) as a means to alleviate the effects of DON in nursery pigs. In both experiments, naturally DON-contaminated wheat was used to produce diets with desired DON levels. In Exp. 1, 280 barrows and gilts (10.0 ±0.2 kg BW) were used in a 28-d experiment arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design with 8 replicates per treatment. The 5 treatments consisted of 2 positive control (PC) diets with DON below detection limits and with or without 0 or 0.50% AMMC and 3 negative control (NC) diets with 5 mg/kg of DON and containing 0, 0.25, or 0.50% AMMC. No DON × AMMC interactions were observed. Overall, pigs fed DON had decreased (P < 0.001) ADG and final BW regardless of AMMC addition. Feeding DON-contaminated diets elicited the most severe depression (P < 0.001) in ADFI and G:F from d 0 to 3, remaining poorer overall (P < 0.01) but lessening in severity as exposure time increased. Pigs fed DON diets had greater (P < 0.05) within pen BW variation (CV) on d28. Although the addition of 0.50% AMMC to diets restored (P < 0.05) ADFI from d 14 to 21 to levels similar to the PC, no other differences were observed for AMMC inclusion. In Exp. 2, 360 barrows (11.4 ± 0.2 kg BW) were used in a 21-d experiment with 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design with DON and AMMC inclusion as main effects. There were 8 replicate pens per treatment. Treatments consisted of 3 PC diets without DON, 3 low-DON (1.5 mg/kgDON) NC diets, and 3 high-DON (3 mg/kg DON) NC diets with 0, 0.17, or 0.50% AMMC incorporated at each DON level. No DON × AMMC interactions were observed. As DON level increased, ADG and final BW decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05), driven by decreased (quadratic, P < 0.01) ADFI and poorer (quadratic; P <0.05) G:F. At both 1.5 and 3 mg/kg DON, reductions in ADG were most marked fromd 0 to 7 (15 to 22% lower) and were least distinct from d 14 to 21 (5 to 6%lower). Incorporating AMMC at increasing levels had no effect on ADG, ADFI,G:F, or final BW. Overall, these experiments reinforce DON effects on feed intake but also indicate that the effects of DON on G:F may be more severe than previously thought. Furthermore, some pigs appear to develop tolerance to DON, as effects on ADFI and G:F lessen over time. However, the addition of AMMC did not offset the deleterious effects of DON.

翻譯：李光然    轉(zhuǎn)自：豬營養(yǎng)國際論壇CSIS