全脂米糠和脫脂米糠對斷奶仔豬生長性能和血液指標(biāo)的影響

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2016. J. Anim.Sci.94(10):4179-4187

全脂米糠和脫脂米糠對斷奶仔豬生長性能和血液指標(biāo)的影響

G. A. Casas and H. H. Stein

　　本試驗(yàn)旨在探明日糧中全脂米糠（FFRB）或脫脂米糠（DFRB）添加量的增加在添加或不添加外源性木聚糖酶的情況下對斷奶仔豬的生長性能和血液指標(biāo)的影響。本試驗(yàn)采用隨機(jī)完全區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì)將532頭仔豬分配到4個單元，試驗(yàn)共14種日糧，每種日糧中有8個圈舍作為重復(fù)。每個圈舍有4到5頭豬?；A(chǔ)日糧含玉米、豆粕和乳清粉，另有6種日糧在玉米、豆粕、乳清粉的基礎(chǔ)上分別加入了10%、20%、30%的全脂米糠和10%、20%、30%的脫脂米糠。另外的7組日糧與前7種日糧基本相同，除此之外每組日糧又額外加入了16000單位/公斤的微生物源木聚糖酶。試驗(yàn)周期為23天，最后一天在每圈內(nèi)選取一頭豬采集兩份血樣。血漿樣品檢測腫瘤壞死因子-α（TNF-α）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）和多肽YY激素（PYY），血清樣品檢測血液尿素氮（BUN）、總蛋白和白蛋白。初重和末重并不受全脂米糠和脫脂米糠添加量和木聚糖酶的影響。隨著全脂米糠添加量的增加仔豬的日均采食量線性降低（P < 0.05）且隨著脫脂米糠含量的增加仔豬日均采食量也有下降的趨勢（P = 0.08）。仔豬飼喂含脫脂米糠日糧的日均采食量相較飼喂含全脂米糠日糧的仔豬更高。隨著全脂米糠和脫脂米糠添加水平的增加仔豬平均日增重先增加后降低（二次，P < 0.05）。隨著日糧中全脂米糠添加量的提高仔豬肉料比以線性和二次方的形式增加（P < 0.05）。飼喂含全脂米糠日糧仔豬的肉料比顯著高于飼喂含脫脂米糠日糧的仔豬。隨著仔豬日糧中全脂米糠和脫脂米糠的添加水平越來越高BUN的濃度線性降低（P < 0.05）。隨著日糧中全脂米糠水平的提高，仔豬血漿中TNF-α和PYY的濃度有線性下降的趨勢（顯著性分別為P = 0.09和P = 0.075）?？傊?，全脂米糠和脫脂米糠的添加量至少達(dá)到20%并不影響斷奶仔豬的平均日增重。斷奶仔豬日糧中添加30%的脫脂米糠對肉料比不產(chǎn)生影響而且添加30%的全脂米糠會增加肉料比。然而，此次試驗(yàn)中微生物源木聚糖酶并沒有影響生長性能，倒是這些水稻副產(chǎn)物和木聚糖酶對血液指標(biāo)有微弱的影響。

Effects of full fat or defatted rice bran on growth performance and blood characteristics of weanling pigs

G. A. Casas and H. H. Stein

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of increased concentrations of full fat rice bran (FFRB) or defatted rice bran (DFRB) in diets without or with supplementation of anexogenous xylanase on growth performance and blood characteristics in weanling pigs. A total of 532 pigs (9.3 ± 0.5 kg initial BW) were allotted to 14 diets in 4 blocks and 8 replicate pens per diet in a randomized complete block design. There were 4 or 5 pigs per pen. A basal diet containing corn, soybean meal, and whey powder and 6 diets containing corn, soybean meal, whey powder,and 10, 20, or 30% FFRB or 10, 20, or 30% DFRB were used. Seven additional diets that were similar to the initial 7 diets with the exception that they also contained 16,000 units/kg of microbial xylanase were also formulated. On the last day of the 23-d experiment, 2 blood samples were collected from 1 pig in each pen. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IgA, and peptide YY (PYY) were measured in plasma samples and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, and albumin were measured in serum samples. Initial and final BW were not affected by the inclusion level of FFRB or DFRB or by the addition of xylanase. The ADFI linearly decreased (P < 0.05) as inclusion of FFRB increased in diets and there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for reduced ADFI as DFRB was increased in the diets. Pigs fed diets containing DFRB had greater ADFI (P < 0.05) than pigsfed diets containing FFRB. The ADG increased and then decreased (quadratic, P< 0.05) with increasing level of FFRB or DFRB in the diets. The G:F linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) as the inclusion of FFRB increased, and the G:F was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed diets containing FFRB than inpigs fed diets containing DFRB. The concentration of BUN linearly decreased (P< 0.05) when pigs were fed diets containing increasing levels of FFRB or DFRB. There was a tendency for the concentrations of TNF-α and PYY to linearly decrease (P = 0.09 and P = 0.075, respectively) as the inclusion of FFRB increased in the diet. In conclusion, ADG of weanling pigs was not affected by at least20% FFRB or DFRB and inclusion of 30% DFRB had no effect on the G:F whereas 30% FFRB increased the G:F. However, microbial xylanase did not influence growth performance under the conditions of this experiment and there was minimal influence of rice coproducts or xylanase on blood characteristics.

翻譯：李光燃  來源：豬營養(yǎng)國際論壇CSIS

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